Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting Bahrain.
The Kingdom of Bahrain is an archipelago of more than 36 islands, shoals, and small islets located in the west central part of the Arabian Gulf. The main island of Bahrain accounts for about 85% of the total area and is where Manama, the capital city is located. Oil and natural gas play a dominant role in Bahrain''s economy. Despite the Government''s efforts to diversify the economy, oil still comprises 85% of Bahraini revenues. In the past years, lower oil prices have resulted in budget deficits.
The Kingdom of Bahrain''s Supreme Council for Environment is the primary body mandated to manage climate change issues, where we have a dedicated department for Sustainable Development and Climate Change within our Environmental Policies and Planning Directorate.
The Kingdom of Bahrain became a signatory of the Convention in June 1992 and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in January 2006 with no further commitments. As a member of the Small Island Developing States (SIDS), Bahrain has special considerations primarily due to the increased vulnerabilities and relatively limited capacities that islands face.
Bahrain is a Party Member to the Paris Agreement. His Highness Shaikh Abdulla Bin Hamad Al Khalifa signed the Paris Agreement for the Kingdom of Bahrain on the 24th of April 2016 in New York. Based on Royal Decree 75/2016 issued by His Majesty King Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa, the Kingdom of Bahrain deposited its instrument of ratification of the Paris Agreement on Dec 24, 2016
Climate finance refers to local, national or transnational financing, which may be drawn from public, private and alternative sources of financing. Climate finance is critical to addressing climate change because large-scale investments are required to significantly reduce emissions, notably in sectors that emit large quantities of greenhouse gases. Climate finance is equally important for adaptation, for which significant financial resources will be similarly required to allow countries to adapt to the adverse effects and reduce the impacts of climate change.
The Paris Agreement of 2015 sets out a global framework to limit global warming to well below 2°C, preferably to 1.5°C (degrees Celsius), compared to pre-industrial levels. To achieve this global temperature goal, countries aim to reduce growth of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible and rapid reductions thereafter, based on the best available science, economic and social feasibility.
The data will not show conditions at an exact location. Micro-climates and local differences will not appear. Therefore, temperatures will be often higher than those displayed especially in cities and precipitation may vary locally, depending on topography.
The top graph shows an estimate of the mean annual temperature for the larger region of Manama. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the temperature trend is positive and it is getting warmer in Manama due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen, and if it is going down, conditions in Manama are becoming colder over time.
In the lower part the graph shows the so called warming stripes. Each coloured stripe represents the average temperature for a year - blue for colder and red for warmer years.
The top graph shows an estimate of mean total precipitation for the larger region of Manama. The dashed blue line is the linear climate change trend. If the trend line is going up from left to right, the precipitation trend is positive and it is getting wetter in Manama due to climate change. If it is horizontal, no clear trend is seen and if it is going down conditions are becoming drier in Manama over time.
In the lower part the graph shows the so called precipitation stripes. Each coloured stripe represents the total precipitation of a year - green for wetter and brown for drier years.
The top graph shows the temperature anomaly for every month since 1979 up to now. The anomaly tells you by how much it was warmer or colder than the 30 year climate mean of 1980-2010. Thus, red months were warmer and blue months were colder than normal. In most locations, you will find an increase of warmer months over the years, which reflects the global warming associated with climate change.
The lower graph shows the precipitation anomaly for every month since 1979 up to now. The anomaly tells you if a month had more or less precipitation than the 30 year climate mean of 1980-2010. Thus, green months were wetter and brown months were drier than normal.
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