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We’re in the midst of a global energy transition. The rollout of renewables is accelerating rapidly as governments are under increasing pressure to decarbonise.
This fickleness in power output is one of the main arguments used to discredit renewables. They cannot produce energy when we need it, and the daily variations are significant, leading to rising business electricity prices.
Unfortunately, most places like the UK rely on fossil fuel power plants to ramp up production to meet demand, as large-scale green electricity storage is simply not yet available.
Or if switching the scale on the above graph into months or years, a system that enables long-term green energy storage, like a low-carbon alternative of the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
Currently, pumped-storage hydro accounts for 90% of the total green electricity storage and is principally used to balance the grid’s daily demand variance shown earlier.
However, Li-based batteries for large-scale electricity storage are growing at the fastest rate, as their prices are rapidly plummeting due to the economies of scale, i.e. They’re used in virtually all portable electronics like smartphones, laptops and EVs.
There are too many concepts being explored to make a comprehensive list, yet there is one technology in particular that constantly evades much media attention yet is pretty much proven: flywheels.
In plain English, a flywheel is a heavy wheel that stores energy by rotating efficiently. The heavier this rotating wheel, and the less resistance it experiences, the more energy it can store for longer periods of time.
They’ve been in use for centuries, with a potter’s wheel being a typical example in antiquity and the giant flywheel used in an early Victorian locomotive pictured above.
Flywheels are now a ubiquitous piece of mechanical systems. For example, they’re used to store rotational energy in the transmission system of any manual road vehicle and are an integral part of regenerative braking systems.
Flywheel Energy Storage (FES) systems refer to the contemporary rotor-flywheels that are being used across many industries to store mechanical or electrical energy.
Instead of using large iron wheels and ball bearings, advanced FES systems have rotors made of specialised high-strength materials suspended over frictionless magnetic bearings capable of spinning at 20,000 – 50,000 rpm (revolutions per minute).
A magnetic motor and electric generator are attached to the rotor in a dynamic system that can switch from charging to discharging within milliseconds. This is usually encased within a vacuum to reduce air resistance and close the system from contaminants that would result in wear and tear.
About How do flywheels store surplus energy
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