The NMC battery, a combination of Nickel, Manganese, and Cobalt, has been a powerful and suitable lithium-ion system that can be designed for both energy and power cell applications. NMC batteries began with equal parts Nickel (33%), Cobalt (33%), and Manganese (33%) and is known as NMC111 or NMC333.
As technology and the needs in the market changed to require an increase in energy density and cobalt-reduced NMC batteries, new variants of NMC were designed. Many of the variants had increased Nickel content and decreased Cobalt and Manganese content.
Although Cobalt in the cathode of an NMC battery is used to stabilize the structure, increase battery life, and reduce cathode corrosion, an increasing number of battery manufacturers are looking to reduce the amount of Cobalt used in batteries as it can be the most problematic element due to price volatility, supply chain, and mining.
The USA has put regulations and restrictions in place to make sure certain sources of Cobalt and other minerals are not used in future supplies and designs. Estimates show that there will be a Cobalt shortage by 2028, which has been quickened by the increased use of Cobalt in electric vehicles and battery energy storage designs.
Lithium NMC can also be used in laptops, smartphones, and other mobile electronics. Depending on where and how the batteries are used, the NMC battery cells can be in a variety of different form types, such as cylindrical, prismatic, and pouch cells. The various cell forms and designs each have their own advantages:
Depending on the manufacturer, the CAPEX cost of NMC could be cheaper than LFP and many other battery chemistries. NMC does have an increased fire and thermal runaway risk, but if the NMC cells sourced are of top tier quality and are paired with a reliable and well-programed battery management system, the overall risk is minimized.
Lithium NMC does have a positive GHG sustainability rating. With new lithium-ion recycling methods and companies established, NMC and other lithium-ion batteries have a net substantial positive yield in recycling return.
New variants of NMC with reduced Cobalt chemical content in the cathode limit the dependence on Cobalt sourcing and materials. Given the nature of the NMC battery chemistry cathode design, the new Cobalt-limited NMC variants push the limits of energy-dense battery design to new heights and yields.
The properties of NMC make it a solid choice for UPS applications. Many current UPS systems may cycle only three-to-five times per year depending on loads and operation within a data center.
NMC has increased energy density with a cycle life span that is geared towards a reduced number of cycles per year. Typically, a NMC battery system will still have an estimated 10-year design life, which will strongly depend on the UPS use case and battery chosen.
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