Total energy supply (TES) includes all the energy produced in or imported to a country, minus that which is exported or stored. It represents all the energy required to supply end users in the country. Some of these energy sources are used directly while most are transformed into fuels or electricity for final consumption.
Energy production includes any fossil fuels drilled and mined, which can be burned to produce electricity or used as fuels, as well as energy produced by nuclear fission and renewable power sources such as hydro, wind and solar PV. Bioenergy - which here includes both modern and traditional sources, including the burning of municipal waste - is also an important domestic energy source in many countries.
Imports, particularly of fossil fuels like oil, natural gas and coal, make up an important part of the energy supply in many countries. Countries that rely heavily on imported energy may be vulnerable to supply disruption from external events such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. In countries that export large amounts of energy, falling energy prices can also cause major economic shocks.
Energy sources, particularly fossil fuels, are often transformed into more useful or practical forms before being used. For example, crude oil is refined into many different kinds of fuels and products, while coal, oil and natural gas can be burned to generate electricity and heat. Other forms of transformation, such as extracting gas or oil from coal, play a relatively minor role in the energy systems of most countries.
One of the most important types of transformation for the energy system is the refining of crude oil into oil products, such as the fuels that power automobiles, ships and planes.
Another important form of transformation is the generation of electricity. Thermal power plants generate electricity by harnessing the heat of burning fuels or nuclear reactions – during which up to half of their energy content is lost. Renewable power sources generate electricity directly from natural forces such as the sun, wind, or the movement of water.
Total final consumption (TFC) is the energy consumed by end users such as individuals and businesses to heat and cool buildings, to run lights, devices, and appliances, and to power vehicles, machines and factories. It also includes non-energy uses of energy products, such as fossil fuels used to make chemicals.
Some of the energy found in primary sources is lost when converting them to useable final products, especially electricity. As a result, the breakdown of final consumption can look very different from that of the primary energy supply (TES). Both are needed to fully understand the energy system.
The sectoral breakdown of a country''s energy demand, which is based on its economy, geography and history, can greatly impact its energy needs and which energy sources it relies on to meet those needs – such as fueling automobiles, heating or cooling homes or running factories.
The El Jaguar photovoltaic plant, a 16 MW solar facility located in Malpaisillo, Nicaragua, has begun supplying electricity to the national grid. It features nearly 40 bifacial solar panels along with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), making it the country’s first of its kind.
GOAL: to promote an understanding, on a global scale, of the dynamics of change in energy systems, quantify emissions and their impacts, and accelerate the transition to carbon-neutral, environmentally benign energy systems while providing affordable energy to all.
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Managua, November 30, 2021.- The generation of reliable, renewable and clean energy from water is assured for 25 years in Nicaragua following the successful completion of the "Rehabilitation and Modernization Project for the Centroamérica and Santa Bárbara Hydroelectric Plants" - now Carlos Fonseca - financed by the Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI).
The works included the modernization of electromechanical equipment and control centers that were already more than half a century old, incorporating state-of-the-art technology and a real-time monitoring and control system for the hydroelectric power plants, which have a total generation capacity of 100 megawatts (MW), representing 12.5% of the installed capacity of the annual power generation of the National Interconnected System (SIN).
"As the Green Bank of Central America, we continue to promote initiatives that support sustainable economic and social development. On this occasion, we are very pleased to culminate such an important stage for the country as guaranteeing energy from a renewable source," emphasized CABEI Executive President, Dr. Dante Mossi.
In addition, he explained that work was carried out to improve a Bypass system at the Central America Hydroelectric Plant to ensure power generation at the Larreynaga and Carlos Fonseca hydroelectric plants, as well as the modernization of a pumping station.
In addition to this important initiative, CABEI also contributes to the well-being of 4.5 million people by executing other works in the energy sector, such as the National Sustainable Electrification and Renewable Energy Program (PNESER), Sections A, B and C; Central Substation; Nicaragua''s Electricity Sector Sustainability Program; and Nicaragua''s Electricity Transmission System Expansion Program.
Managua, August 17, 2020.- The Central American Bank for Economic Integration (CABEI) continues to contribute to the social and economic development of its partner countries in the region, contemplated in the Strategic Energy axis. In Nicaragua, the technical cooperation agreement was signed to carry out the studies of the Battery Energy Storage System Applications (BESS) project in the National Interconnected System (SIN).
In relation to this cooperation that amounts to US$440,000.00, CABEI''s Executive President, Dr. Dante Mossi stated that its purpose is to carry out electrical studies that allow dimensioning, specifying and simulating in specialized programs, the technical and financial feasibility, economic and environmental to use Battery Energy Storage Systems in the SIN.
"The project is being financed within the framework of the Technical Cooperation Subprogram under the Contingent Recovery Modality for the Public Sector and with resources from the Bank''s Technical Cooperation Fund (FONTEC)," said President Mossi.
Along the same lines, the important contribution ensures that Nicaragua continues working within the 2019-2033 Generation Expansion Plan focused on the modernization of its energy matrix, moving from a matrix predominantly composed of thermal plants and with extensive use of fossil fuel, to another that preferably makes use of generation technologies with renewable energy sources. The use of BESS in transmission lines will have a positive impact on frequency regulation, coverage of demand peaks during contingencies, coverage of regulation reserve, among other uses.
Likewise, the financing meets the priorities of the Government of Nicaragua. The National Electricity Transmission Company (ENATREL) will act as the executing agency and will have the CABEI Nicaragua Country Office as a counterpart in all matters related to cooperation.
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