In previous articles, you get to know about wind turbine and how it converts energy. We discussed important parts of a horizontal axis wind turbine. This article is intended to provide the function of each component in a wind turbine and the overall working of HAWT, control mechanism and control str Contact online >>
In previous articles, you get to know about wind turbine and how it converts energy. We discussed important parts of a horizontal axis wind turbine. This article is intended to provide the function of each component in a wind turbine and the overall working of HAWT, control mechanism and control strategies, factors affecting the efficiency of the wind turbine.
The more the number of blades, the slower the rotor speed. So, turbines with 3 blades are relatively slower but will gain a high efficiency and a high torque. Wind turbines with a single blade are high-speed wind turbines.
As we discussed in a previous article, in upwind turbines rotor blades and nose face towards the wind. Wind vane detects the direction of air, while yaw mechanism is there to maintain the position of the rotor as the direction of wind changes.
As the wind strikes the blades, it tends to rotate them due to aerodynamic forces. Blade pitch control is an electronic control for blades. The power output of the turbine is monitored every second. As the power output reaches the rated limit, then controller immediately adjust (pitch) the blades a few degrees.
Stalling of turbine means increasing the angle of attack. As the angle of attack increases more surface area is available for aerodynamic forces.
Furling of turbine means decreasing the angle of attack. Blades are adjusted in a way that edges are facing towards the wind. It is applicable when there is strong wind and less wind energy is enough to drive the turbine.
We don’t want to get maximum wind energybecause wind turbines are designed to operate in particular wind speed (therated speed for most turbines are 5m/s to 25m/s). Strong winds may damage theturbine, so mechanical and electrical brakes are provided, to stop theturbines.
Braking system is there to limit over speed or it is used to stop turbine whenever it is needed.
Just think about it, wind speed never remainsconstant, so the output frequency changes whenever wind speed changes (Read electrical generator in the previous article). Of course, this is not going to happen. The electronic controller is there that keeps output within the limited range. The output frequency can be maintained by employing these ways.
It is a simpleand easy method, requires less complicated gearing mechanism. The block diagram of thefrequency converter is given below.
It is a generator that can deal withunpredicted weather conditions and hence variable and uneven wind energy. Itcan work with variable wind speed and produce constant output frequency.
You must know about Betz law. It is the law by which you can determine the amount of power you can generate, irrespective of the design. According to Betz law, maximum 59.3% of kinetic energy of wind, a wind turbine could capture. The factor 59.3% is called Betz coefficient. The output power of thewind turbine is:
Whereρ = air densityA = blades swept areaV = velocity of the windCP = power coefficient or efficiency of the wind turbine (CP is always less 59.3%. In practice, this value wouldn’t achieve).
Turbines are designed to work within a limited range of wind speed. The lower limit is called cut-in speed and theupper limit is called cut-out speed. In between these limits, there’s a rated speed at which you can get rated output power (as shown in the graph).
Cut-in speed is the minimum speed required to generate electricity from the turbine. Cut-in speed is usually around 5 m/s.
Ratedspeed and rated output power: As the wind speedincreases beyond the cut-in speed, the output power cubically increases withthe wind speed (look at above equations).
The power output from the generator also has limits. There is a speed limit at which we can get maximum output from the generator. This limit is called rated power output. Beyond this speed limit, the output power is no more cubically increases because of the turbine design. Look at the straight part of the curve.
We hope you''ve found out about the basic functioning of a wind turbine and how they convert wind energy into electric energy. There are other energy resources that have been discussed in detail.
If you liked this article, then please subscribe to our Channelfor video tutorials and project descriptions. You can also find us onFacebook. Give us your feedback inthecomments section.
Amna Ahmed is a passionate writer. She has been an educational blogger since 2012. She belongs to Karachi, Pakistan. She has completed her B.E. electronics engineering from a reputable institution in 2011. She loves electronics and loves to read and write anything related to electronics. She is good at writing literature reviews, lecture notes, technology reviews. She blogs at Basic Electronics Guide.
EE Power School is an online platform that offers educational resources, tutorials, and training courses for electrical engineering students, professionals, and enthusiasts. The website provides a wide range of content related to power electronics, renewable energy, and control systems, among others, to help learners enhance their knowledge and skills in the field.
About Horizontal axis wind turbine diagram
As the photovoltaic (PV) industry continues to evolve, advancements in Horizontal axis wind turbine diagram have become critical to optimizing the utilization of renewable energy sources. From innovative battery technologies to intelligent energy management systems, these solutions are transforming the way we store and distribute solar-generated electricity.
When you're looking for the latest and most efficient Horizontal axis wind turbine diagram for your PV project, our website offers a comprehensive selection of cutting-edge products designed to meet your specific requirements. Whether you're a renewable energy developer, utility company, or commercial enterprise looking to reduce your carbon footprint, we have the solutions to help you harness the full potential of solar energy.
By interacting with our online customer service, you'll gain a deep understanding of the various Horizontal axis wind turbine diagram featured in our extensive catalog, such as high-efficiency storage batteries and intelligent energy management systems, and how they work together to provide a stable and reliable power supply for your PV projects.
