How many batteries do I need for off grid solar? Thiswill depend upon your daily kWh usage, and the type of battery you intend touse (lead acid vs. lithium). The formula for determining this is (kWh per dayused) divided by (kWh per battery), rounded up for extra head room.
The task of choosing a type of battery, and how many youwill need may seem daunting, but once you know some of the basics, it will befar less intimidating. Here is a quick overview that I''ve compiled in myresearch.
The main information you need to figure out the number ofbatteries you will need is how much energy you use on an average day,which is measure in kWh. This will be your minimum amount of energystorage. Mess up on this number, and you may find yourself out of power in themiddle of the night!
Whichever battery you choose, the kWhs of the total numberof batteries will need to be at least the number of your kWh usage. That meansthat your usage divided by the battery''s kWh will give you the total numberthat you will need.
There''s a few things to remember here though. The rest ofyour solar system needs to be strong enough to fully charge the batteries, oryou may not get the results you need. That means you need to have enoughsolar panels, which are positioned for optimal light, and a chargecontroller, which can handle the electric load. This will affect how much willactually be stored in the batteries. If any of these are less than ideal, youmay end up not never fully charging your battery bank.
To determine you daily kilowatt-hour usage you needto add up the wattage of all things in your home, and multiply them by thenumber of hours used. Once you have each appliances individual usage, all youhave to do is add them all together. That will give you your total daily kWhusage.
Many items will have a label that looks like this: "DCRating: 19V – 2.15A" This is the voltage rating with the amperage of current.To convert this to wattage, all you have to do is multiply them together:19V x 2.15A = 47.5W.
Once you have the wattage, the next step is to estimate howlong you use each one everyday, and multiply the time by the wattage. Forexample, lets say you have an LCD TV that is rated at 16 watts, and youtypically watch 3 hours of TV a day: 16w x 3 hours = 48w of power every day.
Do that for every device, and ad the answers together. Thatis your total Watt Hours (or more likely kWh) per day. That wasn''t too bad huh?If you take the daily number and multiply that by 30, of course you''ll get yourmonthly wattage use. Multiply that by 12 and you''ll find your yearly use.
This maybe a bit of a time consuming process adding up allof your devices, but this number is crucial to determining not only yourbattery bank size, but your solar panel array size, and the size of your chargecontroller.
There are three main types of batteries that are currentlyused: Flooded Lead Acid, Sealed Lead Acid, and Lithium. There areseveral other types of batteries that are being developed today, but I''ll focuson these three, which are also the most available.
Sealed Lead Acid batteries are a little moreexpensive than Flooded Lead Acid batteries, but require no maintenance, andgive off less gas. The downside to this type of battery is that it only lasts3-5 years.
Lithium batteries so far reign supreme, and they willlikewise cost you supremely, sometimes multiples of times more than the othertypes. The upside is, there is no maintenance, venting, and they last muchlonger. Lithium batteries will last ten or more years. They also charge faster,and have a more usable capacity, meaning you can run the voltage down on themfurther between charges, without harming their lifespan.
You may hear Marine Batteries mentioned for use in off-grid energy. Marine batteries are similar to car batteries, they are designed to put off a strong burst of energy to crank an engine, but unlike car batteries, they are designed to give off a smaller amount of energy over a long period of time (as to power appliances). This may work for smaller systems, but they are designed mainly for short term use (boating). Over a longer period of time of being constantly drained and recharged, they will loose a lot of their storage capacity.
Deep-Cycle batteries are a types of batteries thatare designed to be discharged to a lower percentage on a regular basis withoutcausing any overall loss of battery life. While continually draining andrecharging non-deep-cycle batteries is possible, it will overtime decrease howlong the battery lasts. Deep-cycle batteries can be drained down to 20% withoutcausing damage (although some manufacturers recommend not going below 45%).That makes this type of battery is the best suited for off-grid energy.
You''ll also need to know a little about Amp Hours (Ah)of the different batteries. An Ah is what they use to designate how long thebattery life will last, and at how many amps. It''s determined by multiplyingthe amps being used by the number of hours it is used. So for example, a 10Abattery running for 10 hours before full discharge would be 100Ah, since10×10=100.
You can use the Amp Hours to determine how manyKilowatt-Hours you have per battery. To find this, multiply the Voltage ofthe battery by the Amp Hours. So if you have a 12V battery with a rating of100Ah, 12 x 100 = 1200. This battery has 1200 Watt Hours of power. Since thereare 1000 Watts in a Kw, you have 1.2kWh in that one battery
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