Any energy type generated from natural resources like sun, water, or wind is termed green energy. Even though green energy is derived from renewable resources, there are some distinctions between renewable and green energy.
In general, it is a resource that does not produce pollution, unlike fossil fuels. For example, generating power by burning organic material from sustainable forests is renewable but it is not necessarily green energy. This is because of the CO2 produced by the burning itself.
It is derived from renewable energy technologies which work in different ways. They can draw power from the sun with solar panels or via wind turbines for harvesting wind energy.
Hydroelectric, solar, and wind energy are the main sources of green energy. Out of these, solar and wind are now efficiently harvested on a small scale like rooftops. Overall, 6 common forms are as follows:
This energy uses the power of flowing water in streams, rivers, and dams to generate electricity. This is also known as hydroelectric power. It can work on both small and large scale.
Photovoltaic (PV) cells capture sunlight and turn it into electricity. Solar power has now become affordable for domestic purposes like garden lighting and for heating buildings and hot water. Moreover, it can also be used on a much larger scale like powering a utility grid.
Thermal energy used under the Earth’s crust is used in this. In this green energy source, drilling is required but once tapped it becomes a huge energy resource. Some regions have easy-to-access geothermal resources, and it is a location-intensive resource. And as it involves drilling, this methods needs to be carefully managed to be counted as a type of green energy.
In biomass power plants, combustible organic waste, wood waste, and sawdust are used for generating green energy. However, there is some GHG emissions from this process but it is better than petroleum-based process.
In this process, organic materials are converted into fuels like biodiesel and ethanol. It is estimated that biofuels will have the capacity to meet more than 25% of the global transportation demand by 2050.
On the other hand, wind or solar energy is ideal for other geographical locations. However, combining various green energy sources and upsizing their production gives us the possibility to phase out fossil fuels.
Wind farms are considered the most efficient as they require less refining and processing than other sources. Moreover, with composite testing and technology, the lifespan and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of wind turbines have also improved. Furthermore, depending on the conditions, the efficiency of green energy is determined.
Efficiency in green energy is slightly dependent on location as, if you have the right conditions, such as frequent and strong sunlight, it is easy to create a fast and efficient energy solution.
For accurately comparing energy types, it is important to analyze the full life cycle of each energy source. It also includes the evaluation of energy required to produce the green resource, considering any environmental disruptions caused in the process.
Generally, green energy and renewable energy are considered the same and to some extent they are. However, the noticeable difference is that there are no emissions in the manufacturing of green energy. Whereas, to harvest renewable energy devices are manufactured leading to emissions at manufacturing and transportation levels.
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