BackgroundThe South Ossetian Autonomous Oblastconsisted of the four districts of Tskhinvali, Akhalgori (formerly Leningori),Java, and Znauri. Tskhinvali, the capital of the Oblast, is a half hour'sdrive north of Gori, the administrative centre of the Georgian region ofShida Kartli. In 1989, the Supr Contact online >>
BackgroundThe South Ossetian Autonomous Oblastconsisted of the four districts of Tskhinvali, Akhalgori (formerly Leningori),Java, and Znauri. Tskhinvali, the capital of the Oblast, is a half hour''sdrive north of Gori, the administrative centre of the Georgian region ofShida Kartli. In 1989, the Supreme Soviet of the Oblast declared its intentionto raise its status to that of an Autonomous Republic within Georgia. TheGeorgian authorities annulled this decision and further revoked South Ossetia''sstatus as an Autonomous Oblast. A conflict ensued during 1989-1991.
As a direct consequence of the Georgian-Ossetianconflict, South Ossetia and adjoining regions of Georgia proper, includingGori, suffered substantial material damage, and over 60,000 individuals,mainly ethnic Ossetians, were displaced from their homes. Some 40,000 ofthese crossed into North Ossetia in the Russian Federation and became refugees.At the same time as the conflict, several violent earthquakes and aftershocksstruck the region, causing significant damage, particularly in Java.
As early as the summer of 1992, an attemptwas made to seek an amicable solution to the conflict and to establishan end to the hostilities. A cease-fire agreement was signed, leaving theauthorities of the former Oblast in control of Tskhinvali, Java, Znauriand parts of Akhalgori, and the central Government in control of Akhalgoriand several isolated ethnic Georgian villages. A peacekeeping force fromthe region was deployed. These forces consist of joint Russian, Ossetianand Georgian troops and are known as the Joint Peacekeeping Force or JPKF.
The JCC has three principal working groups:1) On Military and Security Issues; 2) On Economic Issues; 3) On Refugeesand IDPs. All four parties (i.e. Georgia, Russia, North Ossetia and SouthOssetia) and the OSCE are represented on the JCC Working Groups. In addition,the JPKF is a participant on the working group on Military and SecurityIssues and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) isa participant on the working group on refugees and IDPs.
No agreement has been reached concerningmuch needed rehabilitation projects in the region, since the two sideshave failed to agree on the modalities of a EU grant of 2.5 million Euro.Moreover, at the JCC session in Moscow in July, both sides stood againstthe OSCE and EU in refusing to discuss the EU project to establish a freightand control centre in the zone of conflict.
On a political level, the Georgian andSouth Ossetian sides, through the JCC, in principle accepted OSCE''s invitationto an expert meeting in Lisbon (or Vienna) in autumn 2002 for politicaltalks, thus maintaining the momentum for the peace settlement process,following similar meetings in Vienna in 2000 and Bucharest in 2001. TheLisbon/Vienna talks will also include matters related to security and stability.
The JPKF, in cooperation with the localauthorities, has continued the campaign on the voluntary handover of illegallykept weapons. Thus far hundreds of small arms as well as munitions, grenades,landmines, and one 100mm gun have been collected.
During the time of the Soviet Union,the region was a relatively prosperous one. Its mines, factories, and farmssupplied raw materials to markets across the Soviet Union, and the mountainousregions of Java were dotted with resorts and tourist bases. Since 1989,however, the collapse of the Soviet Union, compounded with effects of theensuing civil war, and the powerful earthquake that hit the region allcontributed to a grim economic climate. Poverty has become widespread andgrows.
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