Developing a technical solution able to overcome the current technological barriers that limit the penetration of RES in the DHC sector. Proposed technology allows to significantly increase the RES share and the reuse of energy waste from industry in DHC networks improving their competitiveness and Contact online >>
Developing a technical solution able to overcome the current technological barriers that limit the penetration of RES in the DHC sector. Proposed technology allows to significantly increase the RES share and the reuse of energy waste from industry in DHC networks improving their competitiveness and environmental sustainability and promoting the involvement of stakeholder, consumers and industries, see Figure 2, eventually meeting the targets of the EU strategy for Heating and Cooling and the EU''s climate and energy goals.
CEN– Foundation CENER TUW – TU Wien POL – Politecnico di Milano TUR – Turboden EB – Enerbasque SIM – SemTech Simulation Technology AAL – Aalborg CSP SIG – Steinbeis Innovation GmbH AND – Andritz RD – Südbayrisches Portland-Zementwerk Gebr. Wiesböck Co. GmbH UBB - Babes-Bolyai University PI – Prospex Institute vzw
The idea on which this project is based is to install thermochemical storages in ovens for heat recuperation and control. For the temperature range of this application, thermochemical material for the low-temperature range is used. Due to the high storage density of thermochemical storage materials, very compact systems can be built that can be easily integrated into ovens.
Thermal storage concepts for an oven are currently mostly based either on the conversion into latent heat or on the conversion into electrical energy. Latent heat conversion is designed for short-term use during the cooking process. In particular, the energy present in the (possibly water-laden) exhaust air should be transferred to the supply air. The conversion into electrical energy by means of a thermal generator requires a battery or something similar to store the energy.
To heat the food in the oven, not only the air in the oven but also the oven is heated. This requires a corresponding amount of energy, which is given off as heat to the environment, especially after the cooking process has ended.
The aim of this research project is to develop a functional model for thermochemical heat recuperation in an oven using different thermochemical substances and to carry out extensive investigations into the limitations of the system, the optimal process control, the applicability for the end customer, the practical potential and the challenges, in the real system to perform.
The Institute of Energy Systems and Thermodynamics (IET) has been working on the development of particle based high temperature heat storage systems (Thermal Energy Storage – TES). By 2020 this work has produced four (4) patents, ~15 publications, 6 laboratory scale test rigs, two (2) pilot plants and one (1) license agreement.
The original idea targeted the thermal storage in adiabatic compressed air energy storages (ACAES). Very soon, it became evident that the concept is also applicable in Concentrated Solar Power (CSP), Electro-thermal Energy Storage (ETES) in conjunction with steam and sCO2 cycles (also named Carnot batteries or PTES - Pumped Thermal Energy Storage) and for industrial heat storage.
All mentioned applications need an indirect particle/fluid heat exchanger, which is optimized for (a) maximized overall thermal performance, hence counter-current characteristic; (b) minimized auxiliary power; (c) minimized costs, hence maximized heat transfer and heat transmission coefficients.
ETES cycles have the additional requirement (d) that the particle suspension flow has to be reversible in order to allow a fast switch from charge to discharge operation and that suspension plug flow is of utmost importance.
IET has developed two basic heat exchanger designs. The original concept, also named sandTES_1.0, was based on longitudinal flow of particles along the tubes. A more recent development called sandTES_2.0, is based on transversal flow across the tubes.
Both concepts use the patented approaches of a 2-stage fluidization grid (for stable and even distribution of fluidization air) and the use of valve-controlled air cushions downstream of the freeboard. The air cushions are obligatory for efficient reversal of particle flow in ETES applications. They are also essential for installing a plug-flow flow behavior on particle side.
sandTES_1 with longitudinal particle flow has the advantage of constant cross section in particle flow direction and the absence of 180° tube bends. It is well suited for applications such as ACAES where fluid side heat transfer is limited and where a high cross section in the tubes is needed due to moderate fluid pressures.
sandTES_2 with transversal flow of particles has the advantages of maximum design flexibility for optimizing both particle and fluid mass flux densities. The transversal flow also allows for the use of transversal helicoid fins, which allow multiplying the outer-diameter based (equivalent) heat transfer coefficient by a factor between 4 to 6 (compared to plain tube). Given that the auxiliary power of a sandTES heat exchanger is directly proportional to the bed volume, high heat transmission coefficients have a high impact on both performance and cost.
At TU Wien, the main contributors were Karl Schwaiger, Peter Steiner and Stefan Thanheiser, who themselves were supported by numerous Master- and Bachelor students in their final theses.
During the last years, several concepts for thermodynamic power storage have been published. This so-called Electro-thermal energy storage (ETES) also has the titles "pumped thermal energy storage" (PTES) and "Carnot-Battery".
The thermal storage temperature levels may be above or below ambient temperature. In the case that we choose ambient temperature for the lower temperature, only one thermal storage for high temperature is needed.
The combination of a water-steam based Rankine cycle with electric heating and thermal energy storage (TES) yields the special case of a thermal storage power plant (TSPP).
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