The ‘State Of Charge’ (SOC) of a battery. It is a measurement of how much energy is remaining (percent). It’s like a fuel gauge. Measuring and knowing the SOC of a battery or battery bank is useful when applying to alternative energy, or any other situation where you need to know i Contact online >>
The ‘State Of Charge’ (SOC) of a battery. It is a measurement of how much energy is remaining (percent). It’s like a fuel gauge. Measuring and knowing the SOC of a battery or battery bank is useful when applying to alternative energy, or any other situation where you need to know its condition.
>> Battery HydrometerThe most popular hydrometer on amzn is used for measuring the specific gravity of a lead acid battery with access to its chemistry.
I put together the following battery state-of-charge chart which indicates the state-of-charge (percent) as it relates to battery voltage or specific gravity. Voltages and Specific Gravity are listed for a 6-volt or 12-volt battery, and battery banks of 24 and 48 volts.
I researched many battery manufacturers regarding their own published SOC data. Some were slightly different from each other regarding their SOC values. However, I averaged all of them together to come up with a chart that represents what I believe to be a good GENERAL indication.
Note: Voltage measurements are only approximate to determine SOC. Measuring battery voltage is NOT the most accurate way to do this (there are variables to consider). But it is a good generalization. A more accurate method is to measure the specific gravity of each cell within the battery. However, for many batteries, this is difficult or impossible (AGM batteries, for example). Many (most) alt-energy systems incorporate a DC-shunt which keeps track of SOC by monitoring the current flow in and out of the battery or battery bank, which is a very accurate way to track state-of-charge.
To be somewhat accurate, the battery should be in that condition for an hour or two before taking a measurement, while for a more accurate measurement, you should wait 6 hours up to 24 hours.
Battery voltages are temperature-dependent. In fact, good charger systems (alt-energy systems) have temperature compensation built-in via a temp probe on the battery. The voltage data in the chart below is based on manufacturer specs. (temperature within the vicinity of room temperature).
Note: If testing specific gravity (deep-cycle flooded/wet batteries), when drawing a sample from the battery, fill and drain the hydrometer several times before settling upon a measurement. One of my previous battery banks was a set of 6v lead acid batteries. I measured them regularly and noticed more accuracy when doing it the way I just described.
For longer battery life, lead acid batteries should remain at 50% or more state of charge. The less you draw it down, the more charge cycles you will get out of it over its life. Occasional dips below 50% may not be harmful, but continual discharges to those levels will shorten battery life considerably.
Generally speaking, the less you discharge the battery before recharge, the longer the battery will last. Most alternative-energy systems using lead-acid chemistry and/or AGM type, are designed to keep the battery bank at least 50% or higher. I try not to let my battery bank drop below 70% (AGM batteries configured at 48v).
The 100% state of charge voltage is NOT the recommended charging voltage (which will be higher, and multi-stage). See your battery manufacturer’s recommendations regarding charging voltage specs.
If you know your exact battery, you might find related voltage information on the manufacturer’s website. But the chart above will provide a very good general view of the state of charge.
I use the Battery Tender Plus for charging/maintaining (trickle charging) my various 12v batteries. Mowers, 4-wheelers, snowmobiles, generators, etc.. It’s the most popular of its type on the market. I’ve had two in operation for many years. Great product.
Living a practical sensible preparedness-oriented lifestyle, coupled with a spirit of self-reliance, an extent of sustainable living - while in the pursuit of knowledge, life, liberty, and happiness.
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