The second phase of the One Less Nuclear Power Plant initiative, "Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan" is the flagship energy policy put in place by the Seoul Metropolitan Government of the Republic of Korea. Seoul launched the second phase in August 2014 after its success with the first phase betw Contact online >>
The second phase of the One Less Nuclear Power Plant initiative, "Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan" is the flagship energy policy put in place by the Seoul Metropolitan Government of the Republic of Korea. Seoul launched the second phase in August 2014 after its success with the first phase between April 2012 and June 2014.
The One Less Nuclear Power Plant initiative, "Seoul Sustainable Energy Action Plan" is a local energy transition policy, which aims to reduce Seoul''s reliance on nuclear power plants for electricity and to meet the city''s energy needs for itself.
While the first phase of the initiative laid a foundation for renewable energy generation and civic-led energy conservation, the second phase seeks to achieve sustainability through changes in institutions and social structure, and thereby building an energy independent city where citizens produce as well as consume energy.
The target year is 2020 and Seoul expects to increase electricity self-reliance rate to 20%, cut greenhouse gas emissions by 10 million tons, and reduce energy use by 4 million TOE.
With 88 specific projects in four policy categories, Seoul is committed to fulfill three values of "energy self-reliance, sharing and participation" and share its best practices with other cities both at home and abroad.
Seoul aims to become a safe and responsible city by ensuring sustainable energy production in case of a failure in energy supply and reducing its dependence on energy supplied outside the city. Along the way, relevant industries will be expanded and jobs will be created.
The value of energy-sharing is about sharing energy and resources with vulnerable people and future generations, as well as seeking a way to cooperate with other regions that have an advantage in wind power or other natural resources.
The value of energy participation is about establishing open energy governance where citizens take the lead in policy deliberation, development and implementation. By disclosing energy information and policies, Seoul will make it easier for citizens to participate in energy generation, energy efficiency improvement and energy-saving.
Ten million citizens will be the consumers and producers of energy to decentralize the city''s power generation. Core projects include promoting mini PV panels easily installable on apartment balconies, establishing a civic fund for expansion of PV power generation, and requiring new buildings to generate energy, amounting up to 20% of their energy consumption, from renewable sources and decentralized system.
In order for efficient and low energy consumption to become the norm in society, Seoul will offer customized consulting service for building energy performance, improve the green building design standards, disclose information on building energy efficiency, and increase the variety of incentives given under the Eco-Mileage Program.
Sustainable employment will be generated by Seoul''s enhanced focus on the energy industry and innovation. Seoul will support the local energy service industry and foster ICT electricity technologies including Building Energy Management System (BEMS) favorable to large cities and smart grids. Seoul will also foster social enterprises and cooperatives in the field of green energy. An energy hub center will be built in each district to provide support for installation, monitoring and postal service, which in turn will provide more jobs for the society.
Seoul will institutionalize the basic energy rights of all citizens to protect especially, the energy poor. To encourage continued and voluntary civic participation in energy generation, efficiency and saving, Seoul will focus on expanding local energy communities like the Energy Independent Communities.
The font used for the BI for phase 1 of the One Less Nuclear Power Plant was kept to represent the continuity of the first phase and the second phase. The BI for the second phase does not have any edges to give friendly impression and to facilitate the BI''s application.
South Korea imports 98% of its fossil fuel consumption. Electricity is generated from 43.1% coal, 21.4% natural gas, 26.8% nuclear, 1.8% oil, 5.6% renewables and 1.3% hydroelectricity.
The power sector in South Korea is vertically integrated, and is controlled by the state-owned Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO). The government proposed a partial privatisation of the sector in 2016 to increase competition in power generation and distribution, although the timeframe is undetermined. The majority of their energy is still obtained from fossil fuels, with <7% from renewable sources, mostly hydropower and biomass.
The need for Seoul to reform their energy policy became apparent in 2011 after the city experienced a major blackout and due to public pressure to phase out nuclear plants after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (nuclear power provides 26.8% of South Korea''s power). The Seoul Metropolitan Government has been implementing the One Less Nuclear Power Plant Project since April 2012 to increase energy self-sufficiency and reduce energy use.
Seoul is also trying to resolve the inconveniences suffered by residents living near nuclear power plants or thermal power plants through implementation of mutual growth projects and cooperative projects in partnership with other local governments. The achievements of One Less Nuclear Power Plant (2012-2017) were identified as a reduction in energy consumption of 4.65 MTOE, whilst the independence rate grew from 2.9% to 5%.
The first phase of the energy policy was launched in April 2012 with a target of reducing 2 million TOE of energy, an amount of energy that corresponds to the power generation of one nuclear power plant. The city designated 71 project areas under energy generation, energy efficiency and energy saving. The policy gained widespread support from the public, and the target was reached 6 months early, with electricity use falling by 4% by 2014 compared to 2011.
The second phase of the energy policy started in July 2014 with bigger visions and values. The targets are to reach 20% electricity self-reliance rate, cut greenhouse gas emissions by 10 million tons and reduce energy use by 4 million TOE compared to 2011 levels3. The city aims to realise the three energy values – energy self-reliance, sharing, and participation – through institutional improvements and citizen participation, where citizens themselves produce and consume energy efficiently.
The project has engaged citizens and changed their perception of energy. Around 1.88 million people have joined the Eco-mileage program, which incentivises members'' energy saving behaviours. Some 20,000 students from 500 schools have become ''Energy Guardian Angles'' to practice energy-saving at home and at school. In addition, 20,000 buildings and houses took part in the Building Retrofit Project, and 9.60 million lights were replaced with eco-friendly, high energy-efficient LED bulbs.
In addition, Seoul is trying to resolve the inconveniences suffered by residents living near nuclear power plants or thermal power plants through implementation of mutual growth projects and cooperative projects, such as the construction of solar power plants, in partnership with other local governments.
For over six months the Executive Committee, formed of 48 advisors and experts from academia, businesses, and civic groups, held social fiction conferences and public discussions to listen to the opinions of citizens. Online surveys were also conducted to collect public opinions, and the Seoul International Energy Advisory Council submitted their recommendations on the second phase as well.
In February 2017, Seoul Energy Corporation was launched to supervise the capital''s energy policies. It is distributing a manual of the One Less Nuclear Power Plant Project and spreading its energy saving know-how. Social promotion has been encouraged through creative and consistent calligraphic style between the two phases.
The Corporation will also spread the value of mutual growth and realize energy democracy in cooperation with other local governments. In conjunction with the local communities, it will carry out a variety of new and renewable energy projects, and produce and distribute the manual of the One Less Nuclear Power Plant Project to other local governments.
The potential challenges in the success of this programme is the uptake of policies by the public and engagement by community groups. The Executive Director of the Sun and Wind Energy Cooperative noted, "Since these projects are absolutely dependent on civic participation, we hope to see more policies for supporting energy cooperatives and specific plans for civic participation".
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