In 2021 total final energy consumption was 3% lower than in 2000 (normal climate). Residential sector is the biggest consumption sector in Denmark and the consumption in 2021 is 4.44 Mtoe compared to 4.23 in 2000. Transport sector (excl. international air transport) is the second largest sector and its consumption has decreased from 4.07 Mtoe in 2000 to 4.05 Mtoe in 2021. The energy consumption in the service sector has increased from 1.87 Mtoe in 2000 to 2.02 Mtoe in 2001. The industry sector has decreased from 3.01 Mtoe in 2000 to 2.53 Mtoe in 2021, a decrease of 16%.
Energy efficiency for final consumers, as shown by ODEX, improved by an average of 1.1%/year from 2000 to 2021 (or 21% in total). Most improvement has been registered in industry (1.9%/year or 33% in total) and residential (1.1%/year or 20.5% in total).
The Danish government has a clear ambition: Denmark is to be climate neutral by 2050. A key element in fulfilling this target is energy efficiency along with an increased use of renewable energy.
The energy consumption for space heating per m2 has decreased by 0.6%/year in 2000-2021 from 8.77 to 7.76 koe/m2. The total surface of permanently occupied dwellings has grown by 27% since 2000. In average this is an increase of 1.1%/year.
Energy consumption for households has increased by 6.9% over the period 2000-2021. Two main drivers contributed to increase the energy consumption: more dwellings and larger homes. On the other hand, energy savings are the largest driver for a decrease in the households'' energy consumption.
Energy consumption and electricity consumption per m2 has decreased by 25.2% and 32% respectively from 2000 to 2021. Both electricity and total energy consumption per m2 was quite stable until 2008, then decreased. The increased consumption from 2020 to 2021 is related to the low consumption levels in 2020 due to the COVID19 pandemic.
The policies and measures to promote energy efficiency in buildings are a combination of economic incentives – (taxes on energy), regulation (primarily the requirements in building codes both for new and existing buildings and energy certification of buildings) and information, training, etc. The energy efficiency obligation was also an important instrument to promote Investment for energy efficiency solutions in existing buildings.
From 2000 to 2021 the share of cars in transport energy consumption has increased from 57.3% to 60.9%. Domestic air transport represents 0.5% in 2021 (compared to 1.1% in 2000). The remaining is split between trucks and light vehicles (27.6%), bus (4.5%), water (3.5%) and rail (2.5%) in 2021.
Passenger traffic increased by 7.4% between 2000 and 2021. In 2021, cars represent 86.3% of the traffic of passengers compared to 79.6% in 2000. Transport of passenger by bus decreased from 11.7% in 2000 to 7.1% in 2021. Transport of passengers by rail decreased from 8.7% to 6.6% in 2021.
The energy consumption in the transport sector has decreased from 4.07 Mtoe in 2000 to 4.05 Mtoe in 2021. The main drivers for the increase are more activity (more passenger traffic), and some other effects (e.g. behaviour, decrease in load factors for trucks, etc.). Energy savings counterbalanced the activity effect and contributed to decrease the energy consumption (0.62 Mtoe).
In Denmark, a number of initiatives have been taken to promote energy efficiency in the transport sector, among them, measures to improve energy efficiency in public transport, building of environmental zones in the bigger cities, mandatory refresher courses for professional drivers, which include ''green driving'', and financial support for sustainable transport measures.
Energy consumption in industry has decreased significantly from 2000 to 2021 by 16%. This is an average decrease of 0.8%/year. Only the chemical industry shows an increased of 1% from 2000 to 2021. Energy consumption in paper and pulp industry has decreased from 0.13 Mtoe in 2000 to 0.07 Mtoe in 2021 (-48%).
The energy intensity of industry has decreased by 25.6% from 2000 to 2021. When focusing on the manufacturing sector only, the decrease has been 41% from 2000 to 2020.
The decreasing energy consumption in industry is mainly due to energy savings (1.05 Mtoe) and to a lesser extent to change of structure (0.14 Mtoe). In the opposite direction, activity and others have an increasing effect with a total of 0.71 Mtoe.
The sole responsibility for the content of this webpage lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. Neither the CINEA nor the European Commission are responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.
In the past 25 years, Denmark has achieved great reductions in energy consumption and significantly improved our energy efficiency. This is due to a dedicated effort from private companies, public institutions and the consumers, among other things reducing the energy consumption, Denmark gains a number of benefits:
The Energy Agreement from 2012 provides the overall framework for the Danish energy policy. According to the agreement, Denmark must have reduced total energy consumption by seven percent in 2020, compared to the energy consumption in 2010. The long-term goal of the agreement is that Danish energy supply becomes independent from fossil fuels by 2050.
Today, almost 40 percent of Denmark''s total energy consumption is related to buildings. And there is still significant potential for reducing that consumption.The means of turning the potential into actual savings are, first and foremost, minimum energy performance standards in the building code. But energy taxes and a number of other policies also play a part.
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