Energy policy priorities in Tajikistan are aimed primarily at alleviating annual winter shortages and providing the population with uninterrupted access to energy. The country's approach to its energy crisis has been variable, depending on the political situation and relationships with its neighbour Contact online >>
Energy policy priorities in Tajikistan are aimed primarily at alleviating annual winter shortages and providing the population with uninterrupted access to energy. The country''s approach to its energy crisis has been variable, depending on the political situation and relationships with its neighbours. At present, the government plans to diversify energy sources (including by introducing non‑hydro renewable energy), to rehabilitate and modernise existing energy infrastructure, and to increase energy saving as well as regional integration.
The Strategy 2030, as well as water and energy sector policies and measures deriving from it, consider energy- and water-related research, development and deployment (RD&D) as the key to sustainable deployment and green growth; however, the financial support to these research fields remains considerably small. The government, however, encourages donor and private-sector participation in this field and continues to work closely with international partners, promoting the adoption of modern innovative technologies where possible.
Tajikistan is also a partner in wider regional projects for the development of oil and gas pipelines and electricity transmission, such as Line D of the Central Asia-China gas pipeline, one of the largest liquefied natural gas (LNG) megaprojects in the world, with major funding from the People''s Republic of China (hereafter, "China") at a projected cost of USD3billion.
Tajikistan signed and ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1998 as a Non‑Annex I (or non‑industrialised) country. The country also signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol in 2008 and the Paris Agreement in 2016/17. It reports on its commitments on a biennial basis, and its Fourth National Communication was approved in December 2021.
Tajikistan has been improving energy statistics data management and use over the past decades, as its Agency on Statistics under President of the Republic of Tajikistan (TajStat) works in close co‑operation with regional and international partners enhancing data quality and reporting obligations. However, further human and financial resources are required for the agency to foster climate and demand-side data collection and development of energy efficiency indicators for sound policy making and tracking progress.
The development of the country''s energy sector is based on the Strategy 2030, which all other strategies and programmes must conform to. According to the Strategy 2030, the most significant general problems faced by the energy sector are the inefficient management of natural resources, resulting in higher environmental capacity of production (i.e.too many natural resources are being used in industry), environmental pollution and high production losses, especially in electricity generation, and insufficient electricity supply during the autumn and winter due to reduced water flow.
According to the Strategy 2030, the energy and transport sectors need to become the primary drivers of national economic growth. The government has therefore initiated tariff increases for the past few years and has been phasing out cross-subsidisation. Tariffs still remain among the lowest in the Central Asian region, and the government will continue to raise them until they reach cost-reflective levels.
The government has been relaxing legislative and bureaucratic requirements for investors and has introduced green tariffs for small HPPs and purchase obligations for the state-owned utility Barqi Tojik. This has resulted in a surge in small HPP construction since 2007, with capacity reaching more than 130MW (exceeding the projected level). While demand for small HPPs continues, negligible progress has been made in developing solar and wind energy.
The government has also invested in the new Dushanbe-2 thermal power plant (TPP) (400MW) and has updated heat supply pipelines in Dushanbe to reduce winter deficits and increase energy capacity. It has secured investments from the World Bank, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) and the European Investment Bank (EIB) to reduce losses in the energy sector, particularly for the installation of smart meters in Dushanbe and Khujand.
Coal production has grown significantly since 2007 and is set to continue to grow as the government rehabilitates TPPs and builds new coal-fired generation. Additionally, the government has encouraged industries to switch from natural gas and oil to coal, resulting in strong demand and high year-on-year production growth.
Tajikistan is part of the gas pipeline route from Turkmenistan to China (Line D). The construction phase of this project has not yet begun, and negotiations among project countries continue. The new infrastructure would allow Tajikistan to export gas to China, and, according to the Tajik government, a number of private investors have shown interest in developing oil and gas production in the country in recent years.
In 2016, Tajikistan began preparation of its Fourth National Communication of the Republic of Tajikistan under the UNFCCC with assistance from the UN Development Programme (UNDP). This report was prepared based on the results of the Paris Agreement, and was formally approved in 2021.
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