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When you install a home solar panel system, the panels are just one piece of the puzzle. Another very important piece is the solar inverter—without it, you wouldn''t be able to use any of the electricity your solar panels produce.
A solar inverter converts the direct current (DC) electricity that solar panels produce into the alternating current (AC) electricity that our appliances run on. There are several types of solar power inverters and not all of them are made equal. We''ll help you understand how solar inverters work and the different types available so you can choose the right one for your system.
Solar inverters convert the DC electricity your solar panels produce into the AC electricity that powers our everyday devices. If you thought all electricity was the same, you''re certainly not alone, but let''s back up a second:
Direct current power flows in one direction. The voltage also remains constant. This allows it to be stored—so if you pair a battery with your solar panel system, the electricity it stores will be DC.
Alternating current power is constantly switching direction. The voltage also fluctuates in a sinusoidal (basically a wave) pattern. So, AC electricity can more easily meet the power needs of all the various appliances throughout your home.
Devices called transistors rapidly switch on and off. When the DC power reaches a transistor that''s off, it''s forced to change direction.The back-and-forth eventually "tricks" the DC power into becoming AC.
The AC electricity flows from the inverter to your house''s electric panel. If you don''t need that electricity, it will either go to the grid or your battery, if you have one. Either way, it''s primed and ready to power our everyday needs.
If you pair your solar system with energy storage, the electricity flow will work differently depending on whether you have an AC- or DC-coupled battery system.
All energy is stored in DC format. With an AC-coupled system, the DC solar electricity flows from your panels to the solar inverter to become AC electricity. Extra electricity not used for your appliances flows to a separate storage-only inverter, which converts it back into DC power. When you need power from your battery, the stored electricity will be sent back through your storage-only inverter—three total inversions before it''s used.
For a DC-coupled system, DC solar electricity flows from your panels to a charge controller and straight into your battery, staying in DC format the whole time. After the electricity charges your battery, a hybrid inverter converts it to AC electricity for use in your home. Any electricity the solar panels produce will be inverted only once (from DC to AC) as it flows from batteries, through hybrid inverters, and to your home appliances or the electrical grid.
There are three types of solar inverter options to choose from: string inverters, microinverters, and power optimizers. (It''s important to note that power optimizers are used with string inverters.) All inverters work to convert DC solar energy into usable AC energy for your home, but each has a different method.
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