Total energy supply (TES) includes all the energy produced in or imported to a country, minus that which is exported or stored. It represents all the energy required to supply end users in the country. Some of these energy sources are used directly while most are transformed into fuels or electricity for final consumption.
Energy production includes any fossil fuels drilled and mined, which can be burned to produce electricity or used as fuels, as well as energy produced by nuclear fission and renewable power sources such as hydro, wind and solar PV. Bioenergy - which here includes both modern and traditional sources, including the burning of municipal waste - is also an important domestic energy source in many countries.
Imports, particularly of fossil fuels like oil, natural gas and coal, make up an important part of the energy supply in many countries. Countries that rely heavily on imported energy may be vulnerable to supply disruption from external events such as the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. In countries that export large amounts of energy, falling energy prices can also cause major economic shocks.
Energy sources, particularly fossil fuels, are often transformed into more useful or practical forms before being used. For example, crude oil is refined into many different kinds of fuels and products, while coal, oil and natural gas can be burned to generate electricity and heat. Other forms of transformation, such as extracting gas or oil from coal, play a relatively minor role in the energy systems of most countries.
One of the most important types of transformation for the energy system is the refining of crude oil into oil products, such as the fuels that power automobiles, ships and planes.
Another important form of transformation is the generation of electricity. Thermal power plants generate electricity by harnessing the heat of burning fuels or nuclear reactions – during which up to half of their energy content is lost. Renewable power sources generate electricity directly from natural forces such as the sun, wind, or the movement of water.
Total final consumption (TFC) is the energy consumed by end users such as individuals and businesses to heat and cool buildings, to run lights, devices, and appliances, and to power vehicles, machines and factories. It also includes non-energy uses of energy products, such as fossil fuels used to make chemicals.
Some of the energy found in primary sources is lost when converting them to useable final products, especially electricity. As a result, the breakdown of final consumption can look very different from that of the primary energy supply (TES). Both are needed to fully understand the energy system.
The sectoral breakdown of a country''s energy demand, which is based on its economy, geography and history, can greatly impact its energy needs and which energy sources it relies on to meet those needs – such as fueling automobiles, heating or cooling homes or running factories.
In 2015, total electricity produced was 225 ktoe, of which 58.2 per cent came from fossil fuels, 38.6 per cent from hydro and 2.6 per centfrom biofuels and waste.
Stichting Clean Energy and Energy Inclusion for Africa (CEI Africa) signed a results-based financing (RBF) grant for a total of up to USD 1,953,000 to green mini-grid (GMG) developer Africa GreenTec for the densification of 18 mini-grids and the construction of 7 mini-grids in rural Mali.
Africa GreenTec was awarded the RBF grant to support the connection of 38 rural Malian communities to mini-grids, resulting in approximately 38,000 individuals gaining access to productive and renewable electricity. The company''s Malian subsidiary, AGT Électrification Rurale SARL, Bamako, will independently manage the investment.
Primarily located in Mali''s Kayes and Sikasso regions, the 38 newly electrified communities largely rely on farming and livestock rearing, with some engaging in traditional gold mining. Future programs include supporting income-generating activities with a focus on micro-businesses and women''s empowerment programs, including shea butter production.
CEI Africa has allocated EUR 21M to support project developers to finance GMGs through RBF, including the provision of technical assistance. Africa GreenTec''s project further supports CEI Africa''s goal of improving energy access for households in Mali, a country where more than 53.4 percent of the population still lacks energy access.
"Our collaboration with CEI Africa will enable AGT ER to further expand in the country and reinforce existing sites over the next two years by providing electricity to more than 8,500 households, with more than 85,000 direct beneficiaries," said Alou KEITA, AGT ER General Manager. "This means a significant increase in AGT ER''s impact in the field of rural electrification in Mali."
"CEI Africa is pleased to support the provision of electricity access to underserved rural Malians," said CEI Africa Board member Claudia Vroom. "GreenTec''s off-grid solutions will create economic opportunities and improve access to social services in remote areas."
The RBF grant award is pursuant to fulfillment of certain conditions precedent agreed to between CEI Africa, and Africa GreenTec, which includes, among others, the execution of a Grant Agreement. The RBF grant funding will be disbursed upon completion of new electricity connections.
With each expansion, AGT-ER exemplifies a commitment to innovation, environmental responsibility, and a vision for an energy-empowered future. As the company continues to grow, its role in revolutionizing the energy landscape across the African continent becomes increasingly impactful, bringing light and progress to those who need it most.
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