Prescribing the Policy and General Framework on the Expanded Roof-Mounted Solar Program in the Philippines. WHEREAS, Republic Act (RA) No. 7638, or the "Department of Energy (DOE) Act of 1992", declares the policy of the State to, among others, ensure a continuous, adequate and economic supply of energy through the integrated and intensive
policy brief argues why solar energy should become an important part of the Philippine energy mix for economic, energy and environmental reasons. Solar power creates an energy-secure Philippines
Policy and Programs. The development and utilization of clean energy systems and technologies as well as the judicious and efficient utilization of energy are part of the current energy policy objectives of the Government to: (a) promote further use of clean and indigenous energy sources to attain its energy self-sufficiency target; (b
This paper presents a systematic review of literature to identify strategies for PV module waste management and an internet-based assessment of PV module waste regulations in the Philippines. The...
Proper recycling and disposal are essential to minimizing environmental impact, recovering valuable materials, and ensuring solar energy''s benefits extend throughout the panels'' lifespan. This article explores solar panel recycling and disposal in the Philippines, examining current practices, challenges, and future directions.
The development and utilization of clean energy systems and technologies as well as the judicious and efficient utilization of energy are part of the current energy policy objectives of the Government to: (a) promote further use of clean and indigenous energy sources to attain its energy self-sufficiency target; (b) accelerate rural electrification in order to enhance the quality of life of the Filipino; and (c) continue deregulation, liberalization and privatization of the energy sector for efficiency.
About 9,000 MW of new generating capacities are projected in the next ten years. On the other hand, 1,868 MW of oil-based thermal plants will be retired, although some of them are potential candidates for rehabilitation and conversion to gas-fired power plants. The power projects of about 2,700 MW taking the Malampaya gas and 1,505 MW from hydro are among the committed projects while an additional 670 MW are planned to come from new coal-based plants.
The window for new generating capacity is seen after 2005 and could be filled up by 1,600 MW of baseload capacity, 1,170 MW of midrange and about 1850 MW of peaking power plants. Geothermal energy potential could be tapped to fuel the remaining 1,600 MW baseload capacity requirements. In off-grid areas, a total of 26 MW of generating facilities using NRE sources will be installed.
Plans to build the Trans-ASEAN gas pipeline (TAGP) network will connect the Philippines to gas-rich countries. A study conducted by Asia-Pacific Energy Research Center initially concluded that the Philippines would only consider importing natural gas pipeline from the proposed TAGP in 2015 at an initial capacity of 1,800 MW and up to 7600 MW by 2018. The Malampaya gas field is strategically located to serve as a link to the TAGP. It is very close to Sabah, Malaysia, which has estimated reserves of 6-8 TCF and has currently no immediate market.
As of end of 1999, all of the country''s 1,607 municipalities and cities are energized. 32,281 out of the country''s 41,995 villages or barangays (76.9%) have access to electricity while 9.8 million of the 12.8 million connections have been completed.
The Government aims to complete the electrification of all barangays by the year 2004. Estimates show that up to 45% of the remaining 9,714 unenergized barangays can be connected to the grid while the rest (55%) can utilize hybrid and/or new and renewable energy systems and technologies.
While some countries still consider NREs as exotic, the Philippines is already a major user of NREs. In fact, NREs as a group represent the country''s single energy source contributing about 28% of the total energy requirements. Demand for NRE systems is seen to go up from 72.1 MMBFOE in 2000 to 92.3 MMBFOE in 2009. Biomass fuels such as fuelwood (56%), bagasse, charcoal, and agriwastes will account for the bulk of total NRE supply.
Various NRE projects are also being pursued for implementation, which are geared specifically for livelihood generation in coastal, lowland, and upland barangays. These involve the provision of heat, mechanical energy and electricity to increase economic productivity in rural communities. On the other hand, hybrid power systems using a combination of diesel and NRE are also being considered for small island villages.
152,000 NRE systems shall be installed in areas not connected to the main electricity grid. The recently completed wind mapping study of the Philippines shows that there are about 76,000 MW of potential capacity from wind energy sources. Micro-hydro sites, on the other hand, have power potential of about 28 MW. There are 51 existing mini-hydro installations with aggregate capacity of more than 82 MW and potential capacity of 1,780 MW from 888 sites.
At the outset, President Estrada''s Administration pledged to continue the economic liberalization, deregulation, and privatization programs initiated by its two predecessors. Implementing reforms in the energy sector, however, did not prove to be an easy task. After almost two years of implementation, the oil industry deregulation program is still going through a great deal of teething troubles, aggravated by the recent increase in international oil prices. On the other hand, Congress has yet to pass the enabling law for the power sector restructuring.
Under the proposed scheme, NPC''s generation assets will be sold to new generating companies to introduce competition in the generation sub-sector. A natural monopoly, transmission operations will be initially managed by NPC. Encouraging consolidation and merger of small utilities through market-based incentives will carry out streamlining of the distribution sector. Supply will be a new sector in the industry. It is a non-wire business involving the financial aspects of the sale of electricity at the wholesale or retail level.
After only two years of implementation, 53 new firms have entered the industry erstwhile dominated by the three major oil companies: Shell, Caltex, and the partly state-owned Petron. Most of the new players, however, are into bulk fuels marketing which involves less sunk costs (and thus entry and exit are easier) compared to say, refining and retailing.
The new players were able to secure 8.1% of the total petroleum sales mix starting the first half of 1999. Despite recent crude-related price increases, petroleum prices are still lower than regulated (APM-based) prices and are still the lowest in the Asian region.
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